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English Intermediate Grammar-Tenses-Conditionals-Modals-rus-eng examples.mp3
Unit 66
Conditionals using `if'
Main
points
* You use
conditional clauses to talk about a possible situation and its
results.
*
Conditional clauses can begin with `if'.
* A conditional clause needs
a main clause to make a complete sentence. The conditional clause can
come before or after the main clause.
1 You use conditional
clauses to talk about a situation that might possibly happen and to
say what its results might be.
You use `if' to mention events and
situations that happen often, that may happen in the future, that
could have happened in the past but did not happen, or that are
unlikely to happen at all.
If the light comes on, the battery
is OK.
I'll call you if I need you.
If I had known, I'd have told you.
If she asked me, I'd help her.
2 When you are talking
about something that is generally true or happens often, you use a
present or present perfect tense in the main clause and the
conditional clause.
If they lose weight during an
illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
If an advertisement does not tell
the truth, the advertiser is committing an offence.
If the baby is crying, it is
probably hungry.
If they have lost any money, they
report it to me.
WARNING: You do not use the
present continuous in both clauses. You do not say `If they are
losing money, they are getting angry.'
3 When you use a
conditional clause with a present or present perfect tense, you often
use an imperative in the main clause.
Wake me up if you're worried.
If he has finished, ask him to
leave quietly.
If you are very early, don't
expect them to be ready.
4 When you are talking
about something which may possibly happen in the future, you use a
present or present perfect tense in the conditional clause, and the
simple future in the main clause.
If I marry Celia, we will need the
money.
If you are going to America, you
will need a visa.
If he has done the windows, he
will want his money.
WARNING: You do not normally use
`will' in conditional clauses. You do not say `If I will see you
tomorrow, I will give you the book'.
5 When you are talking
about something that you think is unlikely to happen, you use the
past simple or past continuous in the conditional clause and `would'
in the main clause.
If I had enough money, I would buy
the car.
If he was coming , he would ring.
WARNING: You do not normally use
`would' in conditional clauses. You do not say `If I would do it, I
would do it like this'.
6 `Were' is sometimes
used instead of `was' in the conditional clause, especially after
`I'.
If I were as big as you, I would
kill you.
If I weren't so busy, I would do
it for you.
You often say `If I were you' when
you are giving someone advice.
If I were you, I would take the
money.
I should keep out of Bernadette's
way if I were you.
7 When you are talking
about something which could have happened in the past but which did
not actually happen, you use the past perfect in the conditional
clause. In the main clause, you use `would have' and a past
participle.
If he had realized that, he would
have run away.
I wouldn't have been so depressed
if I had known how common this feeling is.
WARNING: You do not use `would
have' in the conditional clause. You do not say `If I would have seen
him, I would have told him'.
Справочник содержит 33 темы, в которых представлены стандартные фразы, которые чаще других употребляются в типичных ситуациях повседневного общения. В конце книги приведен полный алфавитный русско-английский указатель стандартных фраз повседневного общения.
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